Republican lawmakers in Tennessee are poised to take up a plan Thursday that could redraw congressional districts following a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that weakened the federal Voting Rights Act, part of a broader effort across Southern states to reshape electoral maps ahead of November midterm elections as President Donald Trump seeks to maintain a slim House majority. The redistricting effort represents one of several rapidly advancing plans as Republicans leverage the high court's decision on voting rights enforcement.
The Supreme Court ruled that Louisiana relied too heavily on race when creating a second Black-majority House district as it attempted to comply with the federal law. The high court's decision altered a decades-old understanding of the law, giving Republicans grounds to try to eliminate majority-Black districts that have elected Democrats. Louisiana has postponed its congressional primary to give time for state lawmakers to craft a new House map. Legislation awaiting a final vote in Alabama also would upend the state's congressional primaries if courts allow the state to change its U.S. House districts. In South Carolina, Republican lawmakers urged on by Trump have taken initial steps to add congressional redistricting to their agenda.
Tennessee's Legislative Action
Protesters in Tennessee repeatedly interrupted legislative hearings Wednesday on the redistricting plans, yet Republicans advanced them for a potential final vote in the full House and Senate. The package of bills would repeal a state law prohibiting mid-decade redistricting and reopen a candidate qualifying window for new people to enter the primary and existing candidates to switch districts. The proposed House map would break up Tennessee's lone Democratic-held district, centered on the majority-Black city of Memphis, creating a ripple effect of alterations to districts throughout the western and central parts of the state.
Republican House Speaker Cameron Sexton said the proposed districts were drawn based on population and politics, not racial data. Democrats and civil rights activists denounced the efforts. Sekou Franklin, a political science professor at Middle Tennessee State University who is part of the Tennessee branch of the NAACP, said the proposal "is Black vote dilution at an industrial scale." Democrats noted that the state Supreme Court in April 2022 rejected a challenge to the current congressional map, finding it was too close to the election to make changes. This year, there's even less time before the Aug. 6 primary, raising the potential of confusion for both candidates and voters, Democrats said.
Alabama Primary Legislation
The Alabama House passed legislation Wednesday authorizing special congressional primaries as Republicans eye the possibility of getting a different congressional map in place for the November elections. The bill could receive a Senate vote by Friday. Alabama is seeking to lift a federal court order that created a second House district with a near-majority of Black voters. That map led to the 2024 election of Rep. Shomari Figures, a Black Democrat. Republicans want instead to use a 2023 map drawn by state lawmakers that would give the GOP an opportunity to reclaim Figures' district.
The legislation won approval on a party-line vote after four hours of fiery debate during which Black legislators recalled the state's history. Democratic state Rep. Juandalynn Givan likened the legislation to poll taxes and counting jelly beans in a jar — a virtually impossible task that was used to suppress Black voters during the Jim Crow era. Givan said, "It is a calculated political maneuver born out of fear, a fear that is of Black people and most importantly Black political power." Alabama's primaries are May 19. If a court grants the state's request, the legislation would ignore the results for congressional seats and direct the governor to schedule a new primary under the revised districts.
South Carolina Moves Forward
The South Carolina Senate could take up a resolution Thursday giving lawmakers permission to return later, after their regular work ends, to redraw congressional districts that could eliminate the state's only Democratic-held district. The proposal, which passed the House on Wednesday, needs a two-thirds vote in both chambers. Republican House leaders said after the vote that they plan to introduce a new map Thursday and hold committee meetings on Friday. During debate Wednesday, Republicans fended off specific questions from Democrats, including why they were willing to stop the June 9 U.S. House primary elections well after candidates filed and how much a rescheduled primary could cost.
Democratic Rep. Justin Bamberg said he felt sorry for Republicans who, he said, were giving up their principles to follow the whims of Trump. Bamberg said, "The president of the United States is a very powerful man. Wields a heavy, heavy thumb — Truth Social, X, Meta, Instagram. To be honest I don't envy our Republican colleagues."
Why This Matters:
The Supreme Court's recalibration of Voting Rights Act enforcement has created an opportunity for state legislatures to redraw congressional districts based on constitutional principles of population equality and political representation rather than race-based mandates. Republican lawmakers argue their maps reflect population and political factors, as House Speaker Cameron Sexton stated, following the high court's guidance that Louisiana relied too heavily on race. The timing challenges Democrats cite—Tennessee's state Supreme Court rejected changes four years ago as too close to elections—underscore the compressed timeline before primaries 12 days away in Alabama and 33 days away in South Carolina. The legislative actions could determine whether Republicans maintain their slim House majority, with direct implications for Trump's ability to advance his agenda through Congress. The debate centers on whether states should prioritize race-conscious districting or population-based representation in determining electoral boundaries.